What is Clinical Depression (ICD-10 F32, F33 Codes)? A Complete Guide for the U.S.

Clinical depression, also known as major depressive disorder (MDD), is one of the most common and serious mental health conditions in the United States. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), millions of Americans experience depressive episodes each year that affect their work, family life, and overall well-being.

In medical practice and health insurance billing, clinical depression is classified under the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). The most commonly used diagnostic codes are F32 (major depressive episode) and F33 (recurrent depressive disorder). Understanding these codes is crucial for patients, healthcare providers, and insurance claims processing.

ICD-10 Codes for Clinical Depression

F32 – Major Depressive Episode (Single Episode)
Used when a patient experiences a first episode of major depression.

F32.0 – Mild depressive episode

F32.1 – Moderate depressive episode

F32.2 – Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms

F32.3 – Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms

F33 – Recurrent Depressive Disorder
Applied when a patient experiences two or more episodes of depression.

F33.0 – Mild recurrent depressive disorder

F33.1 – Moderate recurrent depressive disorder

F33.2 – Severe recurrent depressive disorder without psychotic symptoms

F33.3 – Severe recurrent depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms

These codes are widely used in the U.S. healthcare system for clinical diagnosis, insurance billing, and treatment planning.

Why ICD-10 Codes Matter in the U.S.

1. Accurate Diagnosis – Ensures proper mental health treatment and referrals.
2. Insurance Billing – Health insurance providers in the U.S. require ICD-10 codes for claims approval and reimbursement.
3. Legal & Compliance – Helps hospitals, psychiatrists, and therapists meet federal reporting standards.
4. Research & Statistics – Enables mental health research and national reporting on depression prevalence.

Symptoms of Clinical Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)

Persistent sadness or hopelessness

Loss of interest in hobbies or activities

Fatigue and low energy

Changes in appetite or weight

Sleep disturbances (insomnia or oversleeping)

Difficulty concentrating

Thoughts of worthlessness or guilt

In severe cases, suicidal thoughts

If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, please call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 988 (U.S. only).

Treatment Options in the U.S.

Psychotherapy – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), talk therapy, or group therapy.

Medication – Antidepressants such as SSRIs or SNRIs prescribed by psychiatrists.

Lifestyle Changes – Exercise, sleep management, and nutrition.

Support Programs – Community mental health services, telehealth counseling, and support groups.

📌 FAQs on Clinical Depression ICD-10 (U.S.)

Q1: What is the ICD-10 code for mild depression?
👉 F32.0 (single episode) or F33.0 (recurrent episode) are used for mild depression.

Q2: How do insurance companies in the U.S. use ICD-10 depression codes?
👉 They require specific codes (F32, F33) for billing, claims processing, and coverage approvals for mental health services.

Q3: Is ICD-10 still used in the U.S. or has ICD-11 replaced it?
👉 As of 2025, the U.S. healthcare system still uses ICD-10-CM for coding and billing. ICD-11 adoption may come in the future.

Q4: Can depression ICD-10 codes affect disability claims in the U.S.?
👉 Yes. ICD-10 depression codes are often required for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and workers’ compensation claims involving mental health.

Q5: What’s the difference between ICD-10 F32 and F33 codes?
👉 F32 = single episode of depression, F33 = recurrent depressive disorder (two or more episodes).

Final Thoughts

Clinical depression is a serious mental health condition that affects millions of Americans. Understanding the ICD-10 F32 and F33 codes is not only important for healthcare providers but also for patients navigating insurance, billing, and treatment in the U.S. system.

If you suspect you or a loved one may be experiencing depression, seek help from a licensed mental health professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a life-changing difference.